An investigation into factors influencing vaccine hesitancy among parents in Borno State
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Background of the Study
Vaccine hesitancy, defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines despite availability, is a multifaceted issue influenced by a range of factors. In Borno State, parental vaccine hesitancy remains a critical barrier to achieving high immunization coverage. Various factors, including socio-cultural beliefs, misinformation, distrust in government, and previous adverse experiences with healthcare services, contribute to hesitancy among parents (Ibrahim, 2024; Adeyemi, 2023). The unique socio-political context of Borno State, characterized by conflict and displacement, further complicates the immunization landscape.
Parents in Borno State may encounter conflicting messages from multiple sources, including social media, religious leaders, and community networks, which shape their perceptions about vaccine safety and efficacy. Misinformation about vaccines—ranging from exaggerated side effects to unfounded claims about their ingredients—often circulates rapidly, exacerbating fears and doubts. Furthermore, the challenges posed by conflict and instability disrupt healthcare delivery and create an environment of distrust toward government-led health initiatives. These factors collectively influence parental attitudes, leading to vaccine hesitancy and subsequently lower immunization rates (Chukwu, 2024).
Given the importance of immunization in preventing life-threatening diseases, it is imperative to understand the underlying causes of vaccine hesitancy among parents in Borno State. This study aims to explore the multifactorial determinants of vaccine hesitancy, including socio-demographic factors, communication channels, and trust in healthcare systems. By combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews, the research intends to capture a comprehensive picture of the reasons behind parental reluctance to vaccinate their children. The findings will contribute to the design of targeted interventions that address the specific concerns of parents in Borno State and enhance immunization uptake (Ogunleye, 2025).
Statement of the Problem
Vaccine hesitancy among parents in Borno State poses a significant public health challenge, contributing to suboptimal immunization coverage and increasing the risk of vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks. Despite the availability of vaccines, many parents remain reluctant to vaccinate their children due to a combination of factors including misinformation, socio-cultural beliefs, and distrust in the healthcare system. The ongoing conflict in the region further exacerbates these issues by disrupting healthcare services and undermining confidence in public health initiatives (Lawal, 2023).
This hesitancy is particularly problematic in a state already grappling with numerous health challenges, as it hampers efforts to control preventable diseases. The lack of clear, culturally sensitive communication from health authorities and the rapid spread of vaccine-related misinformation have created an environment in which parents are uncertain about the safety and efficacy of vaccines. Consequently, vaccine hesitancy not only compromises individual child health but also poses a broader risk to community immunity, increasing the likelihood of disease outbreaks.
There is a need for comprehensive research to identify and understand the factors driving vaccine hesitancy among parents in Borno State. Such research is critical to developing targeted strategies that can effectively address parental concerns, correct misconceptions, and build trust in immunization programs. Without a clear understanding of these factors, public health interventions may fail to achieve the desired impact, leaving vulnerable populations at continued risk.
Objectives of the Study
- To identify key factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among parents in Borno State.
- To evaluate the role of misinformation and socio-cultural influences on vaccine attitudes.
- To propose targeted interventions to reduce vaccine hesitancy and improve immunization uptake.
Research Questions
- What are the primary factors influencing parental vaccine hesitancy in Borno State?
- How does misinformation affect parental attitudes towards vaccines?
- What strategies can effectively reduce vaccine hesitancy among parents?
Research Hypotheses
- Misinformation is significantly associated with higher levels of vaccine hesitancy.
- Socio-cultural factors play a critical role in shaping parental attitudes toward immunization.
- Tailored communication interventions will significantly reduce vaccine hesitancy.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study focuses on parents in both urban and rural areas of Borno State. Data will be collected through surveys and in-depth interviews. Limitations include potential recall bias and difficulties in accessing populations in conflict-affected areas.
Definitions of Terms
- Vaccine Hesitancy: Delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccination despite availability.
- Misinformation: False or inaccurate information that influences health decisions.
- Parental Attitudes: Beliefs and perceptions held by parents regarding vaccines.
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